
Fairy tales are entirely fictional and often begin with such formulas as Once upon a time … and In a certain country there lived … . Popular examples recount the supernatural adventures and mishaps of youngest daughters, transformed princes, mermaids, and wood fairies and elves (e.g., Cinderella, Rumplestiltskin, Snow White, Sleeping Beauty, and Hansel and Gretel). Animal tales abound in every culture most of them are clearly anthropomorphic, the animals assuming human personalities. Such tales are classified according to three subdivisions: the etiological tale, or tale concerning origins (e.g., Great Hare and Coyote among Native Americans) the fable pointing to a moral (Aesop's fables) and the beast epic (e.g., Reynard the Fox see bestiary). Myths, which are more difficult to define satisfactorily, treat happenings of a long-ago time they generally concern the adventures of gods, giants, heroes, nymphs, satyrs, and villains, as well as etiological themes.

There is also a rich tradition of African-American folktales. See also mythology monsters and imaginary beasts in folklore elf fairy goblin gremlin troll. Courlander, A Treasury of African Folklore (1975), A Treasury of Afro-American Folklore (1976), and The Tiger's Whisker and Other Tales from Asia and the Pacific (1995) A.īinner, American Folktales (1966) and International Folktales (1967) R. Tatar, The Annotated African American Folktales (2017). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed.
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